> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://time-series-features.gitbook.io/pyspi/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://time-series-features.gitbook.io/pyspi/information-about-pyspi/publications-using-pyspi.md).

# Publications using pyspi

This page lists scientific research publications that have used *pyspi*. In cases where journal articles are not open access (marked by 📗), we also provide a link to the freely accessible preprint (marked by 📙). Links to GitHub code repositories (marked by :computer:) are also provided where possible. To summarise:

* :closed\_book: = Journal is ***not*****&#x20;open access**.
* 📗 = Journal is **open access**.
* 📙 = **Freely** accessible pre-print.
* :computer: = **Code/Data available**.

## Original Paper

<table data-view="cards"><thead><tr><th align="center"></th><th data-hidden data-card-cover data-type="files"></th><th data-hidden data-card-target data-type="content-ref"></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center"><p><strong>Introduced </strong><em><strong>pyspi</strong></em><strong> as a comprehensive library of statistics of pairwise interactions and assessed their behaviour on a range of real-world and simulated systems.</strong></p><p><span data-gb-custom-inline data-tag="emoji" data-code="1f4d5">📕</span> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43588-023-00519-x"><em><mark style="color:green;">Nature Computational Science</mark></em><mark style="color:green;"> (2023)</mark><em><mark style="color:green;">.</mark></em></a></p><p>📙 <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.11941"><em><mark style="color:orange;">arXIv preprint</mark></em><mark style="color:orange;"> (2023)</mark></a><mark style="color:orange;">.</mark></p><p><span data-gb-custom-inline data-tag="emoji" data-code="1f4bb">💻</span> <a href="https://github.com/DynamicsAndNeuralSystems/pyspi">GitHub repository</a>.</p></td><td><a href="https://636746764-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FIw3ORxNbDkeyBcdB5svU%2Fuploads%2FXjLlJ3Iw6MGyRuALtms7%2FScreenshot%202024-05-11%20at%207.35.36%E2%80%AFam.png?alt=media&amp;token=bdb01b2b-f728-40f8-b3ec-34b15824d0d4">Screenshot 2024-05-11 at 7.35.36 am.png</a></td><td><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43588-023-00519-x">https://www.nature.com/articles/s43588-023-00519-x</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

***

## Applications Papers

The following publications have utilised *pyspi* for a variety of real-world applications including:

<table data-view="cards"><thead><tr><th align="center"></th><th data-hidden data-card-cover data-type="files"></th><th data-hidden data-card-target data-type="content-ref"></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center"><p>Extracting interpretable signatures of whole-brain dynamics through systematic comparison.</p><p>📗<a href="https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012692"><em><mark style="color:green;">PLOS Computational Biology (2024).</mark></em></a></p><p>📙 <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.10.573372v2"><em><mark style="color:orange;">bioRxiv</mark></em> <mark style="color:orange;">(2024).</mark></a></p><p><span data-gb-custom-inline data-tag="emoji" data-code="1f4bb">💻</span> <a href="https://github.com/DynamicsAndNeuralSystems/fMRI_FeaturesDisorders">Code</a>.</p></td><td><a href="https://636746764-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FIw3ORxNbDkeyBcdB5svU%2Fuploads%2FxNUMtk3MJBQJCP2Lzj98%2FScreenshot%202024-05-11%20at%207.41.53%E2%80%AFam.png?alt=media&amp;token=107e28ac-3cae-44e6-a671-df89a6c4b3ab">Screenshot 2024-05-11 at 7.41.53 am.png</a></td><td><a href="https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012692">https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012692</a></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p>How to measure functional connectivity using resting-state fMRI? A comprehensive empirical exploration of different connectivity metrics.</p><p>📗<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811925001983?via%3Dihub"><em><mark style="color:green;">NeuroImage (2025)</mark></em></a><em><mark style="color:green;">.</mark></em></p><p>📙 <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.18.585458v1.abstract"><em><mark style="color:orange;">bioRxiv</mark></em><mark style="color:orange;"> (2024).</mark></a></p><p><span data-gb-custom-inline data-tag="emoji" data-code="1f4bb">💻</span> <a href="https://openneuro.org/datasets/ds000221/versions/00002">Data</a>.</p></td><td><a href="https://636746764-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FIw3ORxNbDkeyBcdB5svU%2Fuploads%2Fa7X57eBtC0fTrFTmBSEL%2FScreenshot%202024-05-11%20at%207.44.07%E2%80%AFam.png?alt=media&amp;token=c71cb439-681f-4d6d-b927-521c3e4f5721">Screenshot 2024-05-11 at 7.44.07 am.png</a></td><td><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811925001983?via%3Dihub">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811925001983?via%3Dihub</a></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p>Benchmarking methods for mapping functional connectivity in the brain.</p><p><span data-gb-custom-inline data-tag="emoji" data-code="1f4d7">📗</span> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-025-02704-4"><em><mark style="color:green;">Nature Methods (2025).</mark></em></a></p><p>📙<a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.07.593018v1"> <em><mark style="color:orange;">bioRxiv</mark></em><mark style="color:orange;"> (2024)</mark></a><mark style="color:orange;">.</mark> <span data-gb-custom-inline data-tag="emoji" data-code="1f4bb">💻</span> <a href="https://github.com/netneurolab/liu_fc-pyspi">Code</a>.</p></td><td><a href="https://636746764-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FIw3ORxNbDkeyBcdB5svU%2Fuploads%2FR5YDBLKyDDDKbGfINjeF%2FScreenshot%202024-05-11%20at%207.45.46%E2%80%AFam.png?alt=media&amp;token=1381a3cf-c24f-4679-a61c-f5188a174603">Screenshot 2024-05-11 at 7.45.46 am.png</a></td><td><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-025-02704-4">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-025-02704-4</a></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p>Identifying and evaluating connectivity-based neural correlates of consciousness.</p><p>📗 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niag029"><em><mark style="color:green;">Neuroscience of Consciousness (2026).</mark></em></a></p><p><span data-gb-custom-inline data-tag="emoji" data-code="1f4bb">💻</span> <a href="https://github.com/anniegbryant/MEG_functional_connectivity">Code</a>.</p></td><td><a href="https://636746764-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FIw3ORxNbDkeyBcdB5svU%2Fuploads%2F7Ph8RkQkTqPzhkzh8cJe%2Fmethods_overview.png?alt=media&amp;token=f56ed238-f74a-43fd-890c-d38901e4de9e">methods_overview.png</a></td><td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niag029">https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niag029</a></td></tr><tr><td align="center"></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

*in addition to:*

* Capture the functional interaction structure of the brain using feature similarity, compared against 46 of 49 SPIs.
  * [📗 <mark style="color:green;">Wang et al.,</mark> *<mark style="color:green;">Communications Biology</mark>* <mark style="color:green;">(2025).</mark>](https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-09165-7)


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